Since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the anti-PD-L1 agent pembrolizumab for the therapy of any dMMR or MSI-H solid tumors in 2017,9 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped the medical landscape of several malignancies.10 However, the Keynote-028 trial and the Keynote-158 trial had proved that anti-PD-L1 agent pembrolizumab as monotherapy for CCA is not encouraging.10 A lot of preclinical data suggested combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with ICIs, which could amplify the activity of the immune system. Here, CD274 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.