Using the SLEDAI-2 K score, sTIM3 is associated with disease activity, organ damage, and active renal disease [61]. Expression of TIM3 and co-expression of TIM3 and Fas on particular peripheral T populations has been linked to disease activity in patients with SLE [62]. The bioactivity of sTIM3 and sPD-1 ensures that they maintain the capacity to bind to the respective receptors or ligands. Here, HOXD13 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.