SLE patients with positive dsDNA (Fig. 5L and M) showed higher expression of CD4 + CD279 + TIM3 + (0.3531 ± 0.059%, (N = 49) vs. 0.87 ± 0.199%, (N = 30), p = 0.0037). Here, CD4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.