NFKB1 and squamous cell carcinoma: In the article written by Kowshik Jaganathan et al., the effects of astaxanthin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human oral squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-4) and rat squamous cell carcinoma cell (SCC-131) was explored, and PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin as well as NF-κB inhibitor Bay-11 were used to investigate the relationship between astaxanthin and the two signaling pathways in oral cancer [13].