Serum levels of IP10 and IL10 were higher at CT in COVID-19 cases compared with NAAT-ve participants, regardless of vaccine group (Fig. 2e and Supplementary fig. 2) (IP10: fdr = 0.026 compared to NAAT+ve ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees and fdr = 0.0001 compared to NAAT+ve placebo vaccinees; fdr = 0.003 and 0.0006 for IL10, respectively). Here, IL10 is linked to COVID-19.