We accessed CRC-associated virulence factors and toxins, focusing on fadA (encodes Fn adhesion protein A)7, bft (encodes Bf enterotoxin)5, the pks genomic island (encodes colibactin in some Ec strains)8, and the bai operon (encodes enzymes for the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids in Clostridium species)32 (Methods). This evidence concerns the gene ARAF and colorectal carcinoma.