TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In the pathogenesis of IPF, the master regulators of tissue fibrosis such as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) can activate fibroblasts and transform them into ECM-producing and contractile myofibroblasts leading to uncontrolled ECM production, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and the progressive scarring in the distal areas of the lung.