Therapeutic doses of the betanin/capecitabine combination significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the parameters TNF-α (Figures 5A), NFκB (Figures 5B), IL-1β (Figures 5C), IL-6 (Figures 5D), and cyclin D1 (Figures 5E) compared to the colon cancer control. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is colonic neoplasm.