A recent investigation discovered that GZMA-Tfh cells, CCL5-M1 macrophages, and CXCR4- memory activated CD4+ T cells/Tfh cells could potentially affect the development and advancement of RA, with particular emphasis on GZMA-Tfh cells during the initial stages of RA pathogenesis11. Here, CXCR4 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.