LEP and hyperinsulinism: Although leptin and adiponectin are closely associated with colorectal carcinogenesis owing to their potential to modify the extent of hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation,2 some studies have directly related these adipokines to colorectal tumorigenesis via their modulating effects on cell proliferation and survival.45–47 At present, the effects of leptin and adiponectin on the development of CRC have not been fully elucidated and warrant further investigation.