Our findings shed new light on prothrombotic effects of low-grade endotoxemia in humans, indicating that in AF and possibly in other cardiovascular diseases [21], elevated LPS impairs fibrinolysis largely via increased PAI-1 concentrations in circulating blood, which might at least in part explain an increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events in nonseptic patients with elevated LPS. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.