IL18R1 and diabetes mellitus: In addition, we also examined correlations of these omics features with glycemic traits and found that metabolites (e.g., alanine and DMGV) or proteins (e.g., OSM, IL-18R1, and HGF) significantly mediated the observed gut bacteria and diabetes associations were generally associated with examined glycemic traits in the same direction of their association with diabetes (Fig S9).