In addition, we found serval proteins associated with diabetes, including those previously reported (e.g., VEGFA [65], TWEAK [66], CXCL10 [67], and CXCL6 [68]), which were generally not associated with the identified diabetes-related gut bacteria, indicating that their associations with diabetes might not be related to the detected gut dysbiosis in our study. Here, TNFSF12 is linked to diabetes mellitus.