Notably, IL-18R1 is the receptor of proinflammatory cytokine IL-18, and overproduction of IL-18 has been noted as a proxy biomarker for overall inflammation and immune activation in HIV infection [41] and metabolic-inflammatory diseases (e.g., diabetes [42] and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) [43]). The gene discussed is IL18R1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.