In addition, we also examined correlations of these omics features with glycemic traits and found that metabolites (e.g., alanine and DMGV) or proteins (e.g., OSM, IL-18R1, and HGF) significantly mediated the observed gut bacteria and diabetes associations were generally associated with examined glycemic traits in the same direction of their association with diabetes (Fig S9). This evidence concerns the gene OSM and diabetes mellitus.