PDCD1 and neoplasm: The combination of trametinib plus PD-1 blockade significantly reduced 393P tumor growth and improved mice median overall survival when compared with the effect of each treatment alone [Tumor Volume (mm3): Day 34: Control: 458.9 ± 303.9, Anti-PD-1: 236.5 ± 315.2, TRAM: 52.9 ± 33.07, TRAM + anti-PD-1: 57.34 ± 33.36; Day 74: TRAM: 709.4 ± 205.2, TRAM + anti-PD-1: 375.8 ± 162.5; Survival (Days): Control: 36.5, Anti-PD-1 39, TRAM: 78, TRAM + anti-PD-1: 89] (Fig. 5A).