We also noticed higher neutralizing antibodies in the individuals with DM, who recovered from severe disease (Supplementary Fig. S7A), in contrast to the lower levels seen in obesity (Fig. 3A, Supplementary Fig. S6A), but no difference was observed in either memory B-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Fig. 4A) or SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ ELISpot responses between individuals with DM and non-DM (Fig. 4B). Here, IFNG is linked to diabetes mellitus.