Additionally, we included obligate heterozygous carriers of GBA1 gene mutations (with N370S/WT, L444P/WT, and D409H/WT genotypes) derived from these patients' families, a PD patient bearing GBA1 mutation (N370S/WT), an idiopathic PD patient, and individuals without GBA1 mutations as healthy controls (Table S1). Here, GBA1 is linked to Parkinson disease.