TNF and cervical cancer: We found that compared to mice cured by cervical cancer vaccines (Cured) the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, CXCL1), granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) in the serum of mice that were not cured in the E6E7 group (Uncured) were higher (Fig. 4A).