The reduction in galectin-3 levels was associated with a reduction in markers of fibrosis including Co1α1, TIMP-1, and hyaluronan but not on MMP7 and at the highest concentration of GB0139 tested (10 μM) effects were comparable to that observed with SB-525334 and with currently approved IPF therapies, pirfenidone, and nintedanib (Fig. 7). Here, TIMP1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.