The inflammatory response has been indicated in the pathogenesis of septic ALI, and this process is associated with the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Transforming gGrowth Factor-β1 [TGF-β1], Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-13, and Tumor Necrosis Factor [TNF]-α).5 Here, TGFB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.