PTGIR and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The modulation of PTGIR expression could influence the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, affecting the overall immune cell activity in the airways.[28] PTGIR is highly implicated in the modulation of vascular homeostasis and airway inflammatory diseases,[29] considering that it plays a key role within the immune system, ptgir agonists have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in preclinical models of asthma and COPD.