Although EGFR-mutated NSCLC is typically not associated with smoking and has a lower mutation burden and better prognosis, KRAS-mutated NSCLC has a much higher level of DNA damage, and patients often suffer from smoking-associated comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (59), hypertension, and other metabolic disorders. Here, KRAS is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.