NPM1 and neoplasm: These oncogenic properties include cell immortalization and protection from cell death, enabled at least in part by activation of stem cell-related genes (40), induction of multi-faceted inhibition of anti-tumor immune response (35), epigenetic silencing of TCR- and cytokine-signaling genes acting in the context of NPM1::ALK as tumor suppressors (35), protection from hypoxia (35), and mobilization of the metabolic NAD synthesis salvage pathway to sustain enzymatic activity of the oncogenic ALK (41).