These oncogenic properties include cell immortalization and protection from cell death, enabled at least in part by activation of stem cell-related genes (40), induction of multi-faceted inhibition of anti-tumor immune response (35), epigenetic silencing of TCR- and cytokine-signaling genes acting in the context of NPM1::ALK as tumor suppressors (35), protection from hypoxia (35), and mobilization of the metabolic NAD synthesis salvage pathway to sustain enzymatic activity of the oncogenic ALK (41). Here, ALK is linked to neoplasm.