VSIR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: VISTA has been traditionally recognized for its role in suppressing T cell-associated responses, contributing to immune escape and survival in several human cancers, including prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pancreatic cancer, cutaneous melanoma, metastatic melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and gastric cancer.