ACE and Abdominal obesity: Specifically, we would like to highlight risk factors such as abdominal obesity (100); waist circumference (101);Hypogonadism (102); Cardiovascular medications (103) encompass a range of pharmacological interventions, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and diuretics (5) that were not covered in our analysis.