TNF and colitis: When proteins from helminths are administered to mice with induced colitis, it reduces the production of Th1/Th17 cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ, while increasing the production of Th2/Treg cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, TGFβ, and IL-10 in the serum, colon homogenates, and spleen (< Emphasis Type="Bold”> Table 3</Emphasis> ).