Interestingly, in our cohort, sPD-L1 baseline samples from NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy as their first line treatment were significantly higher than samples from patients receiving their treatment as a second or third line treatment, indicating that former treatments might have an impact on the sPD-L1 (Table 1). Here, SPDL1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.