NFKB1 and melanoma: PTGS2 has also been shown to reduce the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (DDP) on GC cells through the PGE2/EP4/MAPKs (ERK1/2 and P38) axis.179 The significant role of inflammation in the malignant evolution of multiple cancers, mediated largely through the NF-κB signaling pathway, has been consistently emphasized in multiple studies.180–182 Celecoxib has been shown to enhance the efficacy of BRAF/MEKi treatments in melanoma through suppression of the NF-κB pathway.