Notably, macrophages stimulated by Fn exhibit a more pronounced promoting effect on OSCC cells, whereas OSCC cells stimulated by Fn have a more evident impact on macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization compared to those not stimulated by Fn. The in vivo mice SCC7 tumor model also demonstrated that Fn could accelerate tumor growth and macrophage M2 polarization. Here, FN1 is linked to neoplasm.