PDCD1 and cancer: There have been studies suggesting that cancer patients with higher TCR clonality had improved clinical responses to ICIs.9,28,43 Additionally, several investigations demonstrated that higher TCR diversity was associated with superior response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy,29,42,44 whereas Zhang et al. reported a converse finding that patient with lower TCR diversity achieved better benefit from immunotherapy.45 In this study, the features of peripheral blood-based TCR repertoire significantly differed in patients with and without response.