HIF1A and myopia: It was shown that genes associated with risk for human myopia are enriched for the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway (Zhao et al. 2020b), while FDM induced scleral activation of hypoxia signaling pathways and upregulation of HIF-1α (Wu et al. 2018) and HIF-2α (Wu et al. 2022).