The AUC values for high-grade cancer were 0.60 (95% CI, 54.7-64.6) for PSA alone, 0.66 (95% CI, 61.1-70.7) for the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator, 0.77 (95% CI, 73.0-81.3) for PHI, 0.76 (95% CI, 71.9-80.3) for the derived multiplex 2-gene model, 0.72 (95% CI, 67.0-76.1) for the derived multiplex 3-gene model, and 0.74 (95% CI, 69.4-78.0) for MPS compared with 0.81 (95% CI, 76.9-84.6) for MPS2 and 0.82 (95% CI, 78.1-85.5) for MPS2+ (eFigure 9 in Supplement 1). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.