Nevertheless, there is an overall concordance between these observations that PD-1 deficiency or blockade can trigger more severe autoimmunity than PD-L1 deficiency or blockade, these findings being consistent with the massive leukocyte dysregulation seen in patients with inherited PD-1 deficiency but not in those with PD-L1 deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and Autoimmunity.