PDK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been reported to stimulate the Warburg effect by up-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 1 (PDK1), which promotes glycolysis in HCC cells, thereby supplying HCC cells with energy and enhancing HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.