TGFB1 and metastatic malignant neoplasm: In advanced and metastatic cancer, TGFβ expressioncorrelates with shortened duration of progression-free and overallsurvival.57,58 Although type I and type II TGFβ receptorsact in a complex to stimulate signal transduction, each receptor subtypeaccesses different signaling effectors.17,20 TargetingTβRI would not inhibit the entirety of downstream signalingpathways.