miR-142-5p was identified as the key molecule responsible for pathological SC-EVs-mediated memory impairment, and α-actinin-4 (ACTN4), ELAV-like protein 4 (ELAVL4, also known as HuD) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) were identified as novel target molecules of miR-142-5p. The gene discussed is USP9X; the disease is memory impairment.