The complexity of these CD39-expressing CD8+ TRM in the context of IBD is that this subset simultaneously expresses a transcriptional signature with a cytolytic or effector status (i.e., GZMs, IFNG) [118, 123] and regulatory molecules (i.e., LAG3, TIGIT) [123], implying that this subset is equipped with opposing regulatory networks. The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.