EPCAM and breast cancer: In several cancer types, including breast cancer, the presence of TILs has been linked to improved outcomes43–45.Furthermore, We investigated the cell type proportion within each location for cancer epithelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblast cells (CAFs), and B cell (Fig. 5c), along with their associated marker genes EPCAM (Epithelial), FAP(CAFs) and CD55 (B cell) (Fig. 5d).