Sakatani et al.‘s study on advanced urothelial cancer patients found that high IFN-γ expression in the TME significantly correlates with improved PFS following pembrolizumab treatment, highlighting IFN-γ’s prognostic relevance in response to ICIs.117 In addition, a study involving 234 urinary bladder cancer patients demonstrated that a high IFN-γ gene signature is inversely related to mortality risk.118 Particularly, those with the highest IFN-γ gene signature tertile had a substantially reduced mortality risk, indicative of better survival outcomes. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.