These hypoxic conditions within tumors lead to diminished MHC-I expression in tumor cells and dendritic cells.68 Additionally, within the RCC TME, tumor-associated immune cells including T-cells and NK cells, often exhibit compromised mitochondrial function.69 Notably, hypoxia promotes the secretion of T-cell suppressors like adenosine and galectin-1. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and neoplasm.