VEGFA and cancer: For example, dynamic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by tumor cells have been identified in several preclinical models and some human cancers as another strategy to modulate the TME in favor of tumor survival and cancer cell proliferation.48 VEGF plays a particularly crucial role in renal cancers, making it a common target for therapeutic strategies.