It is located on the 3q26 genomic region, downstream ofSOX2, and encodes the p110α protein, which is the catalytic subunit of PI3K.PIK3CAis responsible for regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is critical for cell survival in human cancer.22Notably, there is a higher prevalence of genetic alterations inPIK3CAin LUSC compared with LUAD.18, 19Okudela and colleagues demonstratedPIK3CAcopy number gains by FISH in 43% of Japanese LUSC patients. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is cancer.