PIN1 and Alzheimer disease: Pin1 is tightly regulated (Wulf et al., 2001; Lu et al., 2002; Ryo et al., 2002; You et al., 2002; Hamdane et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2011) and its deregulation can contribute to various diseases, notably including AD, TBI, VCID, and PE (Nakamura et al., 2012; Kondo et al., 2015; Albayram et al., 2017; Albayram et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2021; Jash et al., 2023).