BAX and cancer: In addition, anthocyanins have played a role in the prevention of cancer in in vivo study, for example, the protective effects of black currant extract rich in anthocyanins on diethylnitrosamine in rats, where it reduced the risk of abnormal proliferation before cancer formation via the upregulation of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and downregulation of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expression (Bishayee et al., 2011).