Finally, SA treatment enhanced the activity of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), reduced the activation of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads, and decreased collagen I, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels in the ovaries of PCOS rats. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.