Recently, a missense variant in the CREB3 Regulatory Factor (CREBRF) gene (rs373863828, Arg457Gln, c.1370G > A) was identified as being strongly associated with higher body mass index (BMI, + 1.4 kg/m2) and waist circumference (+ 3 cm), but an approximately two-fold reduced likelihood of type 2 diabetes among adults of Polynesian7,8 and Micronesian9 ancestry. This evidence concerns the gene CREBRF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.