ACTA2 and hydrops fetalis: To further verify the indispensable roles of these monocyte-derived macrophages, we cultured LX2 cells using centrifugated supernatants from high fat (HF) treated cells that were either co-cultured or not with THP-1 induced monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and detected the expression of activated LX2 markers, including COL1A1, ACTA2, and TGF-β1.