PDCD1 and neoplasm: In summary, our results showed that the neoadjuvant SBRT combined with anti-PD-1 was safe and well tolerated, it achieved clinically promising radiographic and pathological tumor responses, and no surgical cancellation or delay occurred due to any TRAEs or disease progression; the surgical resection for HCC after this neoadjuvant therapy was also safe, and an enhanced anti-tumoral immune response was observed after this combination neoadjuvant therapy.