TRPV1 and infection: Mice were inoculated with either mock or the H1N1 IAV strain (Auck/09, 5.5 x 103 PFU) and nebulized with 300μM of QX-314 or vehicle (sterile saline), twice-daily from 3 days post-infection, during the early inflammatory phase when open-probability of sensory nerve fiber TRPV1/ A1 channels is likely increased (Fig 5A) [21,36,37].