Another limitation of using SERMs to treat PCa is our incomplete understanding of the role of ERα as a transcription factor in the prostate and PCa, given, notably, that the most commonly used PCa cell lines do not express ERα, or express a mutated AR that can be activated by E2 (e.g., LNCaP cells) (2, 7). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.