35). Several other trials at phase I/II have yielded similarly disappointing results in terms of improving rectal cancer patient outcomes (Ref. 36). In another study pCR was only achieved in up to 20% of patients (Ref. 37). In a phase 2 study investigating therapeutic benefit of panitumumab (anti-EGF) combined with RT in KRAS mutant LARC (n = 19), the regime was well tolerated but no patients observed pCR (Ref. 38). The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is rectal cancer.