Lactobacillus plantarum LM1004 reduces Th2 and Th17 cell transcription factors, serum IgE, and TSLP, but increases the transcription factors of Tregs, Th1 cells, and filaggrin, while butyrate, which modulates gut microbiota, significantly improves AD symptoms [50]. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.