For example, GNLY which highly expressed in healthy people than patients with viral infections [73] was identified by Mixed TDEseq + scMerge as a significant temporal expression gene (p-value = 2.93e − 5, FDR = 0.0; Additional file 2: Fig. S16C), while not being detected by tradeSeq ( p-value = 0.377, FDR = 1.0), ImpulseDE2 (p-value = 0.994, FDR = 1), DESeq2 (p-value = 0.028, FDR = 0.051), or edgeR (p-value = 0.015, FDR = 0.093). This evidence concerns the gene GNLY and viral infectious disease.