TNF and neoplasm: Alfonso et al. developed a second-generation CAR that targeted the mouse pan-macrophage marker F4/80 (F4.CAR), meanwhile demonstrated that F4.CAR-T cells could selectively kill F4/80 + macrophages and eosinophils while locally release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to enhance the anti-tumor effect within the tumor.