IL-1β, as a product of NLRP3 activation in myeloid cells (including monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) and the core of inflammatory response [21–23], is positively correlated with leukocyte NLRP3 mRNA levels (R = 0.40, P = 0.007) and AF occurrence (R = 0.61, P < 0.001). Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.